Top 3 Oldest Civilizations in the World
A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was created independent of other civilizations in other locations. The formation of urban settlements (cities) is the primary characteristic of a society that can be characterized as "civilized". Other characteristics of civilization include a sedentary non-nomadic population, monumental architecture, the existence of social classes and inequality, and the creation of a writing system for communication. The transition from simpler societies to the complex society of a civilization is gradual.
Scholars generally acknowledge the 3 cradles of civilization. Mesopotamia, Indus Valley
civilization and Ancient Egypt are believed to be the earliest in the Old World.
Mesopotamia Civilization
Mesopotamia is a place situated in the middle of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. This region is now a part of Iraq. Mesopotamian civilization was known for the advancements it made in the fields of astronomy, mathematics, and literature. Mesopotamian civilization was very prosperous. Sumerian was the language which was initially used in the Mesopotamian civilization. Later on, it was gradually replaced by the Akkadian civilization.
Indus Valley Civilization
Harappan Civilization was also known as Indus Valley Civilization as the most significant shreds of evidence of the achievements of the Indus Valley civilization were excavated from Harappa. Apart from the Harappa, some of the important sites of the Indus Valley Civilization were Dholavira, Mohenjodaro, Ganweriwala, Lothal, Kalibangan, Surkotada, etc. The two most prominent sites were Harappa and Mohenjodaro, both of which are currently located in present-day Pakistan.
Egyptian Civilization
Egyptian civilization developed along the river Nile. There was rich soil to grow crops due to the annual flooding of the river Nile. Egyptians had written records, and their writing system was known as hieroglyphics. The rulers of Egyptian civilization built massive monuments to demonstrate and maintain their power.
