Huma Arham Note Book

 Etiology  Etiology is the study of the causes, origins, or reasons behind the way that things are, or the way they function, or it can refer to the causes themselves. The word is commonly used in medicine (pertaining to causes of disease) and in philosophy, but also in physics, biology, psychology, government, geography, spatial analysis, and theology in reference to the causes or origins of various phenomena. In the past, when many physical phenomena were not well understood or when histories were not recorded, myths often arose to provide etiologies. Thus, an etiological myth, or origin myth, is a myth that has arisen, been told over time, or written to explain the origins of various social or natural phenomena. For example, Virgil's  Aeneid  is a national myth written to explain and glorify the origins of the Roman Empire. In theology, many religions have creation myths explaining the origins of the world or its relationship to believers. In medicine, the etiology of an illness

Neoplastic disorder Image of Neoplastic disorder Neoplastic disorders are diseases that involve abnormal growths of cells or tissues .  They can be either malignant (cancerous) or benign (non-cancerous) .  Malignant neoplasms can be classified into five main types, depending on the origin of the cells or tissues: carcinomas, sarcomas, myelomas, leukemias, and lymphomas . Neoplastic disorders can affect various parts of the body and cause different symptoms and complications. The diagnosis of neoplastic disorders involves a thorough examination of the patient’s medical history, physical examination, and blood tests. Further tests such as imaging and electrophysiology are ordered based on the symptoms and findings. Antibody tests are conducted to look for paraneoplastic antibodies in the blood, and hormone tests are performed to measure the levels of hormones such as cortisol, antidiuretic hormone, and parathyroid hormone, depending on the condition. Other tests used to diagnose neoplast